Cultural Heritage of India | Handicraft | Art of Weaving, Embroidery and Leather Industry

By Emperor Of Skills -
Art of  Weaving and Embroidery           Ancient India had a unique place in the fields of hand weaving, embroidery and knitting. It was said that the whole piece of cloth of a particular size (Taka) of fine muslin of Dhaka could easily pass through a ring and could be adjusted in a matchbox. Moreover 'Galicha' (carpet of several regions), knitting work on attires and artistry etc. occupied a prominent place. Amongst them are Patola of Patan (Gujarat), Bandhani of Rajasthan, kanjivaram saree and kashmiri cloth having 'Kasab' work .           During the golden period of Solanki era, Gujarat had progressed in this field. During the reign of Siddhraj Jaisingh many artisans (weavers) came and settled in Patan and made the town world famous, especially for its Patola. Some weavers of Patan were the best artists particularly of Patola of Patan. This art of Patan is more than 850 years old. Only a handful people have the skill...
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Philosophy Of Indian Constitution Preamble And Features

By Emperor Of Skills -

Constitution

                                    What is meant by Constitution?

  • Constitution - Set of Rule & Regulation.
  • Latin word.
  • CONSTITURE - To form, To establish, To compose.
  • 1st used - USA - 1st prepared constitution in the world. Enforce on 1789 - smallest constitution in the world.
  • It is Supreme law of the world.
  • It is not static document.
  • It is a dynamic law.
  • Referred as Fundamental law of the land, instrument of govt, rule of the land.
  • 3 organs / Agents / Branch - of the  govt / const.
  1. Legislature - law making / policy makers
  2. Executive - Implementation
  3. Judiciary - Law interprets
  • Estate is called "PRESS".
  • Indian constitution - largest / Longest constitution in the world. There are 444 articles and Amendment - 99 -12 - schedules parts - 22.
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Types Of Constitution

  • What are the types of constitutions?

  1. Written constitution - USA, Indian, Australian, Canadian constitution.
  2. Unwritten constitution - British & New Zealand constitution.
  3. Enacted constitution - Indian constitution.
  4. Evolved constitution - British constitution.
  5. Federal constitution - American constitution, Indian constitution, Switzerland, Australia and Canada.
  6. Unitary constitution - UK, France, Italy, Japan, China, Sri-Lanka, Iran.
  7. Flexible constitution.
  8. Rigid constitution.

Constituent Assembly

  • Elected to write the constitution of India.
  • Indirectly elected representative.
  • 1st parliament of India.
  • It Was not elected on the basis of Universal Adult Franchise.
  • Election was held on July 1946.
  • 1st meeting held on 9th Dec 1946.
  • Dr. Sachidanand Sinha - Temporary President.
  • On Dec 11th 1946, Dr. Rajendra Prasad - President of India.
  • H.C. Mukherjee - Vice President.
  • B.N. Rau - Advisor of Constituent Assembly.
  • 13th Dec 1946, Jawaharlal Nehru passed "Objective Resolution" - guiding principles and nature of constituent sovereign, republic, democratic, rights etc.
  • Assembly appointed 17 committee.
        a. Union constitution committee - 15 members headed by Nehru
        b. Drafting committee - 6 members headed by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
        c. Advisory committee
  • Drafting committee prepared and submitted to president on Feb, 1948
  • It consist of 395 Articles and 8 scheduled on 26th Nov, 1949
  • Took nearly 2 years, 11 months, 18 / 19 days.
  • Come into force on 26th Jan 1950.
  • On 22nd July 1947, our national flag was adopted.
NOTE: At Present
  • Article - 444
  • Amendment - 99
  • Schedules - 12
  • Part - 22

 Sources Of Indian Constitution

 Provision Of The Constitution  Source Of Indian Constitution  
 1. PREAMBLE
 Objective resolution as adopted by the constituent assembly on 22nd Jan 1947 
 2. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS (PART III)
 Bill of Rights from America, French declaration of Rights & UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human Rights)
 3. SINGLE citizenship, parliamentary system of GOVT, Constitutional Head of state
 British Constitution
 4. WRITTEN Constitution, Vice president & function, Independent Judiciary - Supreme Court & Function
 American Constitution
 5. DPSP (Part IV), Election of President
 Irish Constitution
 6. UNION of India, union & state Relationship
 Canadian Constitution
 7. FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES (Part IV A)
 Russian Constitution
 8. Amendment Procedure
 South African Constitution
 9. Part - XVIII German Constitution

Preamble of Indian Constitution

  • Who wrote Preamble of India?

We the people of INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India in to a SOVEREIGN, SOCIALIST, SECULAR, DEMOCRATIC, REPUBLIC & to secure to all its Citizens.

  • Justice - Social, economic, political
  • LIBERTY - of thought, expression, belief, faith & worship
  • EQUALITY - of status & opportunity & to promote among them all
  • FRATERNITY - assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity & integrity of the nation. 

In Our Constituent Assembly, 26th Nov 1949, do hereby adopt enact & give to ourselves this constitution.

NOTE :- Socialist, Secular & Unity and Integrity words added in preamble - 42nd Amendment Act 1976

  • Soul of Indian constituent or Mirror of Indian constitution
  • Introduction or preface of the constitution
  • Preamble called identity card of the constitution
  • American constitution was the 1st begin with a preamble
  • Sovereign - Latin word "SUPERANUS" means "SUPREME"
  • Democratic - it is a govt which is formed by the people and works for the welfare of the people. DEMOCRACY - Greek word "DEMOS" means "the people" "KRATOS" means "RULE or GOVT"
  • Republic - the authority providing for elected head of state, namely, "The President" 
  • Socialist - to reduce the gap between the rich & the poor, it was decided to follow the policy of socialism
  • Secular - to maintain religious harmony and unity of the country. All citizen are free to practice, preach & profess any religion of their choice
  • Justice - social justice - equal treatment of all people in matters of religious, caste, race, birth place, etc.
  • Economic justice - to bridge the gap between the rich and poor
  • Political justice - participate in pol-system
  • Liberty - equal before the law, No discrimination shall be made
  • Fraternity - "Dr. B.R. Ambedkar", Fraternity means spirit of Brotherhood or common Brotherhood

Fundamental Duties

(Part IV A - ART 51 A-K)
  • Borrowed from Russian
  • At the time of commencement of the constitution there was no mention of the fundamental duties
  • It was adopted on the recommendation of the SWARAH SINGH committee appointed by congress party
  • This committee under study around 50 constitution before recommending the fundamental duties
  • Influenced by JAPANESE constitution
  • It was added 42nd amendment Act 1976
  • In 1976, it was 10 duties
  • In 2002, 86th amendment Act added 1 duty to the fundamental duties
  • At present 11 fundamental duties
 51 ATo abide(obey) by the constitution & respect its ideals & institution. The National Flag & Anthem.
 51 BTo follow the Nobel ideas which inspired our National struggle for freedom. 
 51 C
To protect the sovereignty, unity of India.
 51 DTo defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
 51 ETo promote harmony & spirit of common brotherhood among all the people of India.
 51 FTo preserve the rich heritage of our culture.
 51 GTo protect & improve the Natural environment.
 51 HTo develop scientific temper & humanism & the spirit of enquiry & reform. 
 51 ITo safeguard public property.
 51 J
To strive towards excellence in all sphere of individual & collective activity so that the nation rises to higher level of achievement.
 51 KProvide compulsory education between the age of 6 - 14 years.
Location: India

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