Female Foeticide and Female Infanticide – Female foeticide is referred to the killing of the girl child, before she is born and female infanticide is killing of the girl child, after she is born. These practices, deny the basic right from the girl child, i.e. the right to live. There have been communities of individuals, who have a strong preference for the male children. They possessed this viewpoint that families with male children were seen with pride, when they have control over the larger part of land. They regarded females as liabilities, who would not generate any wealth for their families.
Education – Education is regarded as one of the most imperative aspects that would lead to empowerment of women. The right to education under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution have made it obligatory for the government to provide free education to all the individuals. In rural areas, the retention rate of girls in schools is lower as compared to males and there are number of reasons that lead to drop-out of girls, as they move to higher classes. In higher education, the primary reason that lead to their drop-out is, parents are unable to afford education, due to financial problems. Parents expect their girls to take care of their younger siblings, as they go to work, they train them regarding the performance of the household chores, increasing cost of education and parents feel that girls would be married off, hence, they will not be able to utilize their learning.
Forced Evictions and Exclusions – In India, widows are evicted from their marital homes and they are meant to look after their needs and requirements on their own, after the death of their husbands. Their children too get evicted along with them. Women headed households and women in general are less secure as compared to men. When a woman loses her spouse, there are various types of detrimental consequences that they are supposed to go through. When they are evicted from homes, they are required to face all hardships and difficulties in order to provide for their sustenance. A single woman, with no land or family to take care of, often ends up in an urban slum.
Top 11 Fundamental Rights which helps to Uplift the Status of Women in a Society
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Sexual Harassment at the Workplace – The occurrence of sexual harassment at the workplace is considered as the most detrimental problem that impose barriers within the course of their progression. In India, women are discriminated against in terms of pay and remuneration for their jobs. This is a fact for both urban and rural areas, they are mistreated in concerns of promotion and advancement within the employment setting. Women entrepreneurs often have to deal with more problems in obtaining finances and resources to commence any kind of business. Sexual harassment at the workplace hampers the psychological approach of a woman. She even gets compelled to leave her job, even though she is not financially strong and is in need of a job.
Rape - In India, there has been a significant increase in the numbers of rape cases in the past 10 years. Rape normally takes place out of animosity, enmity, resentment or any other reason. According to the National Crime Records Bureau, in 2012, 25000 rape cases were reported. In India, within the rural areas, particularly in Northern India, the upper caste people use mass rapes as a strategy to exercise power over the members of the lower caste groups. The vicious gang rape case in Delhi in December, 2012 had led to the passage of a stricter Law i.e. The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act 2013 to deal with the rape cases within the country.
Societal Violence against Women - The communities and the societies in India in most of the places are bound up with the patriarchal normative structure. In these types of societies, it becomes difficult for women to establish their position and obtain justice. The religious communities, village communities or the artificial communities like professional bodies are barely epitome of equality between men and women. Quite often the religious communities have made the life of women miserable by forcing them to adopt conservative practices that would lead to negative effects. With the prevalence of societal violence, women usually get confined within their homes and become isolated from the outside world. They are required to curb their communications with the members of the society.
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