Case Study on problems and Causes of Migration | Tamil Nadu

Case Study of Chennai City: Rural to Urban Migration in an Indian Metropolis

        In India the urban population is 37.7 million in the year of 2011 (as per census) i.e. the 31.16 percent of the total population. The total population in the year of 2011 was 83.3 million in rural areas and 37.7 million in urban population. This urban population of 37.7 million is very close to the American total population. The percent decadal growth of the population in rural and urban areas in the decade ending of the year 2011 was 12.2 and 31.8 percent. 

Tamil Nadu is one of the 28 states in India and 11th largest state in India by area. It is the 2nd largest state economy in India as of 2012. Tamil Nadu is also the most urbanized area state in India. The total population is 7.21 million as per 2011 census in this the urban population is 3.49 million and rural population is 3.71 million. Tamil Nadu population represents about 5.96% of the population of India. More people in Tamil Nadu have moved from rural to urban areas in the last 10 years compared to other states, according to the 2011 census data. 

Tamil Nadu tops the list of urbanized state with 48.45% of its population living in Urban areas. Chennai city is the 4th largest city in India and having 2nd largest beach in the world. Chennai district is a district in the State of Tamil Nadu out of 32 districts. It is the smallest of the entire district in the state, but has the highest human density. The most significant phenomenon in Chennai city is massive urbanization. 

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        Chennai city Metropolitan Area covers 174 square km. The population of Chennai city which was 14.16 lakh in 1951, increased 24.69 lakh in 1971, and further it was 38.41 lakh in 1991. Now in 2011 the population of the Chennai city was 46.81 as per the census of India. Chennai city having 10 corporation zones with 155 yards in 2010, from these 10 corporation zones, (now it is 200 wards with 15 zones) it is difficult to find out the migrated people in all the areas, hence a random sampling was adopted in the areas and conduct interview to conduct socio-economic surveys to collect the information of the migrants. 

The field work was collected during April 2009 to April 2010. The main objective of this paper is to study the various reasons of immigration for rural areas to urban area especially Chennai city.

Causes for Migration:

        This study derives that rural to urban migration is a function of push and pull factors that is in rural areas increasing of population did not have job facilities, reasonable income, basic amenities. The pull factors of better job facilities, good salary, and more income, medical and educational facilities are attracting the rural people to move to the cities like Chennai city. The push factors of no job facilities, low salary, less income, drought, less medical and educational facilities are the push factors of the rural people from rural to urban migration. 

Solution to minimize the migration:

Even though, to minimize the rural to urban migration and to prevent to move to cities the following are some measures has to be taken by government and government organizations. 

• To set many more small industries in taluka levels. 
• To set big industries, large scale industries in each district. 
• To provide urban facilities in rural areas (PURA). 
• To set employment schemes, self-employment schemes. 
• To provide loans to the skilled, unskilled educated persons. 
• To provide better higher secondary schools and higher education facilities.